Comparative Analysis of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) and Chemical Fertilizers on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Rainfed Wheat

The indiscriminate use of hazardous chemical fertilizers can be reduced by applying eco-friendly smart farming technologies, such as biofertilizers. effects five different types plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), including Fla-wheat (F), Barvar-2 (B), Nitroxin (N1), Nitrokara (N2), and SWRI, their integration with (50% and/or 100% need-based N, P, Zn) on the quantitative qualitative traits a rainfed wheat cultivar were investigated. Field experiments, in form randomized complete block design (RCBD) four replications, conducted at Qamloo Dryland Agricultural Research Station Kurdistan Province, Iran, three cropping seasons (2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018–2019). All investigated characteristics significantly affected integrated application PGPR fertilizers. grain yield treated plants F, B, N1, N2 plus 50% was increased 28%, 37%, 33%, respectively, compared noninoculated control. Compared control, protein content 0.54%, 0.88%, 0.34% through fertilizers, respectively. A combination best treatment to increase (56%) (1%) Azar-2 cultivar. results this 3-year field study showed that nutrient management PGPR-need-based Zn considered crop tactic quality reduce fertilization subsequent environmental pollution could useful terms sustainable production.